Abstract : This study aims to explore the therapeutic function of metalanguage in drama therapythe perspective of metacognitive mechanisms. To achieve this, the researcher adopted a literature review methodology to systematically analyze key academic sourcesboth domestic and international studies, examining how metalanguage functions across emotional, cognitive, and social-relational domains. Furthermore, the study investigated how metalanguage interacts with core mechanisms of drama therapy such as aesthetic distance, role, projection, improvisation, and storytelling. It also theoretically discussed the ways in which these interactions contribute to clients' ego-identity, cognitive restructuring, and self-reflection. The results confirmed that metalanguage not only serves as a psychological therapeutic mechanism in drama therapy but also functions as a metacognitive mechanism that promotes higher-order thinking. Accordingly, this study suggests that interpreting metalanguage within the framework of its interaction with metacognition can expand the theoretical and practical potential of drama therapy. This perspective is significant in that it establishes a conceptual foundation and theoretical basis for a systematic understanding of the therapeutic function of metalanguage in drama therapy.
Keyword : Drama Therapy, Metalanguage, Metacognition, Therapeutic Function, Psychotherapy
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.01
A Study on the Conceptual Change and Approach Direction of Art Restoration and Creation
Abstract : Art reflects historical, cultural, and aesthetic contexts and has evolved alongside human civilization. Although art restoration and artistic creation share the goal of realizing artistic value, they differ fundamentally in their conceptual frameworks and approaches. In contemporary art practice, the expansion of creative concepts has increasingly blurred the boundary between restoration and creation, raising concerns regarding the originality and authenticity of artworks. This study examines the conceptual changes in art restoration and artistic creation and analyzes their differences in terms of creation, materials, and documentation. The results indicate that artistic creation represents an expansive domain centered on expression and innovation, whereas art restoration constitutes a restricted practice focused on reproduction and preservation. On the other hand, restoration requires scientifically grounded judgment and responsible documentation, distinguishing itartistic creation.
Keyword : Art Restoration, Art Creation, Conceptual Change, Approach Direction
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.02
Abstract : This paper identifies probabilistic thinking-bornhuman finitude and uncertainty-as the fundamental grammar underlying contemporary artificial intelligence technology. It examines the early probabilists and their works who contributed to the emergence of this probabilistic mode of thought. This examination will constitute a meaningful retrospective on significant moments in the birth of humanity as a probabilistic thinker, namely Homo Probabilis. While noting that the Enlightenment was the spirit of the age during which probability theory emerged and flourished, this paper attends to the resonance between early probabilistic thought and Enlightenment philosophy. It traces how the reasoning of early probabilists carried implications for the politico-social discussions of their time. Rather than merely surveying this resonance between early probability theory and Enlightenment thought, this paper proposes that the intellectual community must collectively seek answers to the question: What is the spirit that permeates the depths of this age, marked by artificial intelligence and related technologies, and what should that spirit be?
Keyword : Homo Probabilis, Early Probabilist, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Enlightenment
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.03
An Educational Framework Integrating Generative AI and Design History
Abstract : Generative AI is increasingly utilized across diverse sectors and is rapidly expanding in both design practice and education. Nevertheless, its speed and convenience raise concerns about the potential weakening of cognitively driven design processes essential to design development. In response to this issue, the present study proposes an integrated design education framework that integrates design history with generative AI in an educational context. The framework aims to enhance learners’ visual thinking and expressive competencies through the analysis of historical forms and reinterpretation and reconstruction using drawing-based practices. The study examines theoretical perspectives on critical thinking, visual thinking, and creativity and, based on this review, proposes a design process grounded in logical reasoning. In addition, a structured 15-week course framework is presented to support implementation in educational contexts. Future research should implement this framework in educational settings to empirically examine its effectiveness in improving learning outcomes and to develop an evaluation system incorporating learner feedback.
Keyword : Generative AI, Design Education, Visual Form Language, Framework
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.04
Abstract : This study focuses on Huanghelou (Yellow Crane Tower), one of the Four Great Towers of China, and explores the impact of visual elements in cultural product packaging design on brand awareness. With the rapid development of China's cultural industry, cultural and creative products have become key mediums for the innovative transmission and industrial transformation of traditional culture. However, the current designs of Huanghelou-related cultural products lack a systematic brand visual identity system, making it difficult for consumers to directly associate packaging designs with the ‘Huanghelou’ brand and its cultural symbolism.Grounded in the Brand Awareness Theory and Design Identity framework, this study establishes five research hypotheses based on five visual elements: logo, color, illustration, typography, and layout. A survey targeting consumers aged 14 to 55 was conducted, yielding 125 valid responses, and a five-point Likert scale was used to quantitatively analyze the influence of each visual element on brand recognition.The results indicate that color, illustration, and logo are the key visual elements enhancing the brand awareness of Huanghelou cultural products, while typography and layout serve as supportive and reinforcing factors. Effective packaging design should balance aesthetic expression and functionality, using visual language to strengthen brand uniqueness and foster cultural identity and emotional resonance among consumers.This study provides theoretical foundations and practical guidance for improving the visual communication and packaging design of Huanghelou cultural products, and offers valuable design strategies for the branding and global dissemination of Chinese traditional culture in the contemporary context.
Keyword : Cultural Product ,Packaging Design ,Identity ,Brand Awareness, Yellow Crane Tower
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.05
Abstract : In this paper, we analyze how the traditional narrative device of monologue is transformed within virtual reality (VR) content according to the distinctive characteristics of the VR medium. While monologues in theatre and film have traditionally functioned as devices that reveal a character’s inner thoughts, VR environments introduce features such as free viewpoint, interactivity, and a heightened sense of presence, leading to significant changes in the structure and expressive mode of monologues. This study compares monologue practices across theatre, film, and VR, examining There’s a Wolf in My Room, Baba Yaga, Buddy VR, and Henry as representative cases. The analysis shows that VR monologues extend beyond verbal utterance, combining elements such as gaze, gesture, spatial cues, and sound to create a user-centered form of expression. In some works, monologues take the form of conversational monologues that directly address the user. Moreover, due to the limited use of editing and scene transitions in VR, monologues function as devices that guide user behavior and maintain narrative flow. Overall, VR monologues shiftdevices primarily used for information delivery to core narrative elements that enhance user engagement and emotional resonance, suggesting that VR narratives are being reorganized around the user’s experience.
Keyword : Virtual Reality, Monologue, Conversational Monologue, Interactivity, Narrative
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.06
Abstract : Training an agentscratch in a complex autonomous driving environment often results in unstable convergence during learning. To address this challenge, this study introduces an approach based on automated curriculum learning. In order to avoid early local optima caused by frequent collisions and negative rewards, the method uses a Teacher-Student Framework that adjusts the maximum number of surrounding vehicles, which represents the core factor in determining task difficulty. The Teacher adjusts this number according to the recent success rate of episodes and improves learning stability through cooldown and interleaving techniques. Experiments were conducted in the racetrack-v0 environment of highway-env. The results show that the proposed ACL method provides substantial improvements over the baseline in reward, episode length, survival time, and collision count. The learning process also converged to consistently higher rewards and longer survival times compared to the baseline. These results indicate that the proposed approach helps the agent gradually learn basic driving skills first and then acquire more advanced avoidance strategies in complex traffic, reducing the likelihood of falling into local optima and leading to better overall policies.
Keyword : Reinforcement learning, Curriculum learning, Autonomous driving, Teacher-Student Framework
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.07
Abstract : Although the success of pre-trained language models (PLMs) in natural language processing has motivated active research on utilizing PLM embeddings such as SBERT in recommender systems, systematic verification of whether PLMs consistently enhance recommendation performance remains insufficient. This study analyzed the efficacy of SBERT (384-dimensional) embeddings on the MovieLens-1M dataset through =50 repeated experiments. Experimental results revealed that SBERT embeddings adversely affected recommendation performance in low-density (5%) environments (ΔRMSE=+0.00046, <0.0001), and applying PCA dimensionality reduction (384→32 dimensions) exacerbated the performance degradation fourfold, thereby ruling out overfitting as the underlying cause. This phenomenon is attributed to the misalignment between the semantic similarity space learned by PLMs and the user preference space, termed Semantic-Preference Misalignment. This study examines the utility of frozen PLMs without fine-tuning in text-scarce environments consisting only of titles and genres; different results may be obtained in environments with richer textual informationtask-specific fine-tuning. Cost-effectiveness analysis revealed a 43% increase in inference time without observable accuracy improvements, suggesting caution against the uncritical adoption of PLM embeddings in recommender systems.
Keyword : Recommender Systems, Pre-trained Language Models, Semantic-Preference Misalignment, Frozen Embeddings, Collaborative Filtering
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.08
Virtual-Physical Synchronization and Spatial Extension of Digital Twin Exhibition Spaces
Abstract : This study proposes a technical approach for digital twin exhibitions by presenting a method for real-time synchronization and extension of physical and virtual exhibition spaces in a CAVE-based virtual reality environment. Existing virtual exhibitions have focused on visual representation, limiting spatial continuity, embodied movement, and the maintenance of presence in on-site exhibition experiences. This study designs and implements a digital twin exhibition system integrating vision-based user tracking, virtual-physical space synchronization using Unreal Engine 5 and nDisplay, and a user position-based exhibition space expansion mechanism. The proposed system sequentially maps multiple virtual exhibition spaces onto a limited physical CAVE environment, enabling continuous exhibition paths through natural walking-based navigation. A case-based experiment confirms the system’s feasibility and stable operation, and shows that user position-based viewpoint control and multi-projector cluster rendering support spatial continuity during exhibition viewing. This study presents design directions for a CAVE-based spatial computing system for digital twin exhibitions, providing a basis for future immersive content research.
Keyword : Digital Twin, CAVE, Spatial Computing, Space Synchronization, Exhibition Space Expansion
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.09
Text Mining of Port Loading and Unloading Safety Accidents
Abstract : Port loading and unloading operations constitute one of the most safety-critical components of maritime logistics, involving complex interactions among workers, heavy equipment, vessels, and cyber-physical infrastructures. Despite the high frequency and severity of accidents, existing research has predominantly focused on statistical recordsmechanical failure analyses, leaving the socio-technical dimensions reflected in public media discourse largely unexamined. This study applies an integrated text mining and keyword network analysis framework to systematically analyze Korean news media coverage of port loading and unloading accidents2015 to 2025. A total of 189 manually verified articles were processed through noun-based keyword extraction, TF-IDF weighting, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), and centrality-based network modeling. The results reveal three dominant thematic clusters: (1) Safety Inspection and Incident Response, (2) Maritime Infrastructure and Operations, and (3) Occupational Hazards in Cargo Handling. High-frequency terms such as worker, inspection, container, and accident site indicate that media narratives emphasize human vulnerability, regulatory oversight, and operational risk concentration. Centrality analysis further identifies pier, container, and accident site as critical structural hubs bridging distinct discourse domains, suggesting that public perception of port safety is shaped by interconnected concerns spanning human factors, equipment reliability, and infrastructural constraints. The findings highlight systemic risk patterns not captured in conventional statistical datasets and provide actionable insights for improving safety management, inspection protocols, and risk communication strategies. This study demonstrates the value of text-driven analytical approaches in understanding emerging risk themes and complements traditional accident analysis frameworks by revealing the narrative logic embedded in public discourse.
Keyword : Text Mining, Data Analysis, Safety Accident Analysis, Port Safety, Natural Language Process
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.10
Abstract : architecture aims to minimize the negative environmental impacts of buildings while enhancing functionality and living convenience by comprehensively considering environmental, social, and economic factors, thereby promoting sustainable development. This study investigates ecological building design elementsthe perspective of residents by focusing on three aspects: residents’ perceptions of ecological architecture, key factors influencing their living environment preferences, and design improvement strategies that reflect residents’ preferences.the perspective of ecological architectural design, integrating concepts such as land efficiency, material conservation, and water-saving strategies into the design process helps achieve a balanced relationship between the built environment and the natural ecosystem, thereby improving building utilization efficiency. Such an approach enables rational resource use while meeting the aesthetic, environmental, and economic demands of contemporary construction, and promotes harmonious coexistence between society and nature.To examine residents’ perceptions of ecological buildings and their preferred design features in China, a questionnaire survey was conducted among residents living in ecological buildings. A Likert-scale questionnaire was employed, and reliability analysis was performed using SPSS. Based on the analysis of cognitive perceptions and preference factors related to ecological building design, simulation-based design improvements and optimization strategies were proposed to enhance environmental performance through ecological design. However, this study has limitations in terms of verifying the actual performance and effectiveness of ecological building designs. Future research should focus on empirical validation of design outcomes and conduct more comprehensive investigations that integrate residents’ preferences with ecological design strategies. The findings of this study are expected to serve as foundational reference data for the future design and development of ecological buildings in China.
Keyword : Residential architecture, ecological design, ecological architecture, design preferences, residents' perceptions
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.11
Abstract : This study is an empirical investigation into the effects of a deep tech startup's digital technology capabilities on its management performance, specifically examining the relationship between the firm's location environment(economic viability) and collaboration. The results show that, first, a deep tech startup's digital technology capabilities, inter-firm collaboration, and location environment(economic viability) significantly influence its financial management performance. Second, ‘inter-firm collaboration’ exhibited a significant moderating effect on the relationship between digital technology utilization and financial performance. This study suggests that for deep tech startups, ‘inter-firm collaboration’ is both an essential prerequisite and a complementary asset for converting the advantages of digital technological capabilities and location environment(economic efficiency) into financial performance. In other words, even if deep tech startups possess superior technological capabilities and a favorable location environment, there are clear limitations to performance creation if the level of cooperation with external partners falls below a certain threshold. This emphasizes that startup ecosystem development policies must focus on activating open innovation networks based on the Quadruple Helix model-linking industry, academia, research institutes, and government within a region-beyond merely creating infrastructureoffering tax incentives.
Keyword : Digital technology utilization, Location environment, Collaboration, Quadruple helix
http://dx.doi.org/10.29056/jncist.2026.02.12
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